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The Laws of Duplicate Bridge〔 Also known as the Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge and the Laws of Contract Bridge.〕 is the official rule book of duplicate bridge promulgated by the World Bridge Federation (WBF). The first Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge were published in 1928.〔 London: Thomas De La Rue & Co. Paris: La Libraire Plon.〕 They were successively revised in 1933, 1935, 1943, 1949, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1997 and 2007.〔(2007 Laws of Duplicate Bridge, World Bridge Federation web site )〕 The Laws are effective worldwide for all duplicate bridge tournaments sponsored by WBF, zonal, national and subordinate organizations (which includes most bridge clubs). ==History== The laws were greatly influenced by Harold S. Vanderbilt in 1925 when ''inter alia'' he introduced the current concept of scoring, the use of boards to hold the cards, and the Tournament Director. The main responsibilities of the tournament director are to adjudicate on disputes and irregularities that occur during the tournament and to control the movement. Through the 1930s, the Laws were promulgated by the Portland Club of London and the Whist Club of New York. From the 1940s onwards, their roles were supplemented by British Bridge League and European Bridge League on European side, and American Contract Bridge League Laws Commission from the American side. From the 1975 onwards, Laws were also promulgated by the World Bridge Federation Laws Commission, which claims the sole responsibility both for their content and their interpretation. The latest edition is dated 2007. The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) Laws Commission claims the same rights for North America, and modified the 2007 version to establish its own version, dated 2008. The next revision by the World Bridge Federation Laws Commission is due in 2017. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laws of Duplicate Bridge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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